PAD VOLUME I Table of Contents INTRODUCTION. 7 THE DISEASE. 7 SYMPTOMS AND CONSEQUENCES. 8 INTERMITTENT CLAUDICATION IS UNCOMMON. 8 PAD IS NOT ASYMPTOMATIC. 10 MORTALITY. 11 Heart Attack and Stroke-The Main Causes of Death . 11 High Five- and 10-Year Mortality. 11 AN INDICATOR OF SILENT CARDIOVASCULAR AND CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASE. 13 PAD SEVERITY PREDICTS CARDIOVASCULAR MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY. 14 RISK FACTORS. 15 Age . 16 Smoking. 17 Diabetes . 17 Hypertension. 18 Cholesterol. 18 Race . 19 MULTIPLE RISK FACTORS INCREASE THE RISK. 19 WOMEN AND PAD. 20 DIAGNOSIS. 21 DISEASE SEVERITY ASSOCIATED WITH LOWER ABI. 21 PREVALENCE. 22 PAD IS A SIGNIFICANT MARKET OPPORTUNITY-14 MILLION PEOPLE. 23 Estimated Prevalence Based On Diabetic Population . 23 PAD TO INCREASE WITH THE GRAYING OF AMERICA. 25 PAD PREVALENCE COMPARED TO OTHER SERIOUS DISEASES. 25 PAD IS UNDERDIAGNOSED. 26 Less Than 20% of PAD Patients Estimated to Have Been Diagnosed . 27 New Education and Awareness Programs Leading to Increased Numbers Diagnosed . 29 TREATMENTS. 30 Risk Factor Modification. 30 Supervised Exercise Program. 30 Drug Therapy. 31 ATHEROSCLEROSIS-AN INFLAMMATORY DISEASE. 31 Vulnerable Plaque . 33 Blood Clots . 33 ANTIHYPERTENSIVES. 34 ACE Inhibitors and Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (Antagonists) . 34 Angiotensin Receptor Blockers. 36 DIABETIC PATIENTS. 36 REDUCING THE RISK OF BLOOD CLOTS. 37 LIPID REDUCTION. 39 Statins . 39
Muscle Myopathy . 40
Heart Protection Study. 41 Zetia-A New Class of Cholesterol Medication . 41 Other Lipid-Lowering Agents-Fibrates and Bile Acid Sequestrants. 42 Niacin. 43 CHOLESTEROL REDUCTION AND VASCULAR REMODELING. 44 PAD DYSLIPIDEMIA SIMILAR TO ATHEROGENIC DYSLIPIDEMIA. 46 NEW OPPORTUNITIES- TARGETED DRUG THERAPY FOR PAD. 47 NEW RISK FACTORS. 49 Lipoprotein (a). 49 Homocysteine. 50 Inflammatory Factors . 50 C-Reactive Protein. 51 CLAUDICATION THERAPIES. 52 PROGRESSION OF PAD AND PERCENTAGE OF PATIENTS NEEDING TREATMENT. 53 PAD UNDERTREATED. 54 LARGE POTENTIAL MARKETS FOR DRUG THERAPY. 55 Market for Claudication Therapy. 59 Market for Antihypertensives. 59 Market for Cholesterol-Lowering Therapy. 62 Market for Antiplatelets. 65 VALUATION TABLE. 69 COMPANY INFORMATION AND FINANCIAL DATA (ALPHABETICAL LIST). 71 REFERENCES. 97 LIST OF STUDIES/ACRONYMS. 107 INDEX OF TABLES AND FIGURES. 111 GLOSSARY. 117 TRADEMARKS. 131 DISCLOSURE STATEMENT. 133 CONTACT INFORMATION. 135
SUSTAINABLE ENERGY NEWS on EMAIL (SENSE) number 5 Welcome to the fifth edition of the email newsletter – Sustainable Energy News (SENSE) – a service of the Sustainable Energy and Climate Change Project (SECCP), a partnership between Earthlife Africa, Johannesburg, and WWF, Denmark. SENSE is published monthly and we welcome any feedback and submissions. It will be edited by Erika Schut
(z)-4-bromo-2-((naphthalene-1-ylimino) methyl) phenolDispersive liquid-liquid microextraction followed by high-performance liquid chromatography as an efficient and sensitive technique for the simultaneous determination of alprazolam, oxazepam and diazepam Ultrasound-Assisted Emulsification Microextraction Of Oxazepam, Alprazolam And Diazepam From Urine Samples Followed By Quantification