ALL THE INFO FOR THE JOURNEY: What to Bring: Comfortable walking shoes/boots as well as cool sandals for in the camp. Clothing: We are moving towards the end of South Africa's Summer, but it is still very warm during the day and slightly cooler at night. There may be an occasional thunder shower. Sun block, hat and sunglasses. Mosquito repellent: Timbavati is a Malaria area. If you feel you do need to take prophylactics we suggest consulting a homeopath or herbalist, as the allopathic anti-malaria tablets can make you feel ill. Make sure you have insect repellent cream or spray for the evening and while sleeping. We would prefer you to use natural based products, to lessen the impact of chemicals in the environment. Although this is a non-photographic project, you may bring your camera. Photos of the White Lions themselves are not to be taken without written permission from the WLT, but you are welcome to take photos of the base camp and the environment. Beautiful photographs by professional photographers are available for purchase with proceeds going to the trust. Accommodation: All Accommodation is shared. Single supplement is available upon extra cost. Seasons & weather The seasons in the Southern Hemisphere are directly opposite to those in the Northern Hemisphere. Summer is generally mid-October to mid-February, Autumn is February to April.
Summers are generally hot and lightweight clothing is advisable although evenings can be cool. Sunscreen, hats and sunglasses are a must and remember that sunburn can occur even in overcast weather. In the interior (Mpumalanga) afternoon showers are common during the summer months, while in Cape Town four seasons can be experienced in one day so it is best to be prepared. Bring "layered" clothing.
The average summer temperature in Cape Town is 24.3 degrees Centigrade, with January and February temperatures averaging 26 degrees Centigrade. February is the driest month of the year, with 15 mm (0.6 inches) of rain. Average temperatures of 26º C in the lowveld areas of Mpumalanga, near the Kruger National Park, and enjoys relatively plentiful summer rainfall (an average of around 620 mm falls between September and March) and mild to hot subtropical conditions. Time differences South Africa is two hours ahead of Greenwich Mean Time throughout the year. It is therefore an hour ahead of Central European Winter Time, seven hours ahead of Eastern Standard Winter Time and seven hours behind Australian Central Time. Vaccinations No vaccinations are required when visiting South Africa and immunisation against cholera and small pox are not required. However, if you are entering South Africa from a yellow fever zone, you must be in possession of a valid international yellow fever inoculation certificate. It is advisable that all visitors to South Africa have up to date vaccinations for the following: Yellow Fever, Hepatitis A and B, Cholera, Tetanus, Typhoid and Rabies. Please consult your health practitioner for current information and recommendations. Malaria Our visit to the White Lions, Adams Calendar and Kruger National Park is in Mpumalanga. These areas are not a high risk Malaria area, but it is advisable if you are travelling from overseas to take Malaria prophylaxis. Your health practitioner will be able to recommend the best product, but it may be cheaper to purchase Anti-Malaria tablets in South Africa. This would, however, involve a visit to a local doctor as Malaria tablets are only available on prescription. Based on experience it is wise to avoid Lariam and Malarone as these have severe side effects. Alternative options are Mefliam or a natural herbal product such as Artemisinin. DEET based insect repellents can be purchased on arrival at TSAU (White Lion Conservancy) as these are bulky items to bring. Not only do they dissuade mosquitos but are necessary for prevention of tick bites. It is only possible to contract malaria by being bitten by an infected mosquito - however, when visiting these areas it is advisable to take the necessary safety and medical precautions. Use mosquito nets and an insect repellent to avoid being bitten. In addition, medication can be taken and should be taken according to the instructions given. Medication should be taken starting two weeks before entering the malaria zone and for four weeks after leaving
the area. Consult with your doctor beforehand and note that malaria medication should not be taken during pregnancy.
Homeopathic & Natural Malaria Prevention ~ Advice from Eleftheria's Homeopath
1) Malaria officinalis 30, one dose morning and evening on a single named day each week (e.g. Saturday) 2. On the remaining 6 days of each week, take: Cinchona officinalis 30 every 12 hours. This combination should be taken, preferably two weeks before travelling, until six weeks after returning.
Wear suitable clothing. In mosquito areas wear long trousers and long sleeved garments at night. Clothing should be of the closely woven type, e.g. denim. Long boots, with trousers well tucked in will prevent attacks to the ankles and legs. NB dark blue clothing is attractive to tsetse flies, and should not be warn in the areas they are prevalent. Use mosquito nets for protection during sleep. Garlic should be consumed liberally. Vitamin B1 50g every 12 hours reduce the dose for children. Citronella oil dissolved in 80% alcohol (1ml of oil to 4ml of alcohol), apply freely to clothing (not your best!), and skin (provided there is no allergic sensitivity). This must be applied every 4-6 hours. Other useful homoeopathic remedies: Arsenicum, Apis, Belladonna, Carbo Veg, Camphor, China, Euph Per, Ipecac, Natrum Mur, Nux Vom, Pulsatilla, Rhus Tox and Veratrum. 30c potency. Personal safety As in any foreign country, visitors are advised to be aware and alert when travelling to avoid falling prey to petty theft and crime. Most areas and attractions of South Africa can be safely visited. However, use common sense, be discreet with expensive camera equipment and jewellery and be aware of your surroundings. Avoid walking in deserted areas after dark and when driving, always park in a well lit and designated parking area. In you have any doubts, speak to your hosts and ask for their advice on potential areas to avoid. Electricity South Africa's electricity supply: 220/230 volts AC 50 Hz Most plugs have three round pins but some plugs with two smaller pins are also found on appliances. Adaptors can be purchased but may be in short supply. US-made appliances may need a transformer. Currency & banks The South African currency unit is the Rand, denoted by the symbol R. One hundred cents makes up one R1 (one Rand). Currently the Rand is weaker than many European currencies as well as the dollar, making travelling to South Africa affordable by international standards. Visitors will more than likely find eating out and shopping particularly affordable and of an excellent quality. Foreign currency can be exchanged at local banks and Bureaux de Change. Credit cards are widely accepted including American Express, Diners Club, MasterCard and Visa. Banks are open Monday to Friday from 9:00-15:30 and on Saturdays from 8:30 - 11:00. White Lion MONITORING VISITS: Please note the itinerary is not set in stone, and may change depending on the weather, the people and most important of all, the lions. We are at all times working with a scientific project and all visits and work with the lions is subject to strict scientific protocol. Due respect will be paid to the needs of the project and the lions themselves. In true African tradition, it is appropriate to bring a gift in honour of the lions. This can be either a physical gift, for example a crystal, or an energetic gift for example a prayer or poem. We ask you to meditate on this and bring what you feel is right. For more information about the Global White Lion Protection trust, visit
Relative bioavailability of topiramate administered rectallyJeannine M. Conway , Angela K. Birnbaum , Robert L Kriel , James C. Cloyd a Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Epilepsy Research and Education Program, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, 7-170 WDH 308 Harvard St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA b Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, Hennepin County Medical Ce
SOVEREIGN RISK AND DOLLARIZATION: THE CASE OF ECUADOR SOVEREIGN RISK AND DOLLARIZATION: THE CASE OF ECUADOR Abstract Through policy decision of governments and through other unofficial means, many countries have moved away from their local currency to seek protection against inflation provided by a hard currency, the dollar. Among the promises of dollarization is the reduction of so