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Syllabus
DCP-I Year
PHARMACEUTICS-I
(75 hours)
1. Introduction of different dosage forms. Their classification with examples-their relative applications. Familiarisation with new drug delivery systems.
2. Introduction to Pharmacopoeias with special reference to the Indian Pharmacopoeia.
3. Metrology "Systems of weights and measures. Calculations including conversion from oneto another system. Percentage calculations and adjustments of products. Use of alligation method in calculations, Isotonic solutions.
4. Packing of Pharmaceuticalsâ€"Desirable features of a container "types of containers.
Study of glass and plastics as materials for containers and rubber as material for closures- their merits and demerits. Introduction to aerosol packaging.
5. Size reduction Objectives, and factors affecting size reduction, methods of size reductionâ€"Study of Hammer mill, Ball mill, Fluid Energy Mill and Disintegrator.
6. Size separation "Size separation by sifting. Official Standard for powders. Sedimentation methods of size separation. Construction and working of cyclone separator.
7. Mixing and Homogenisationâ€"Liquid mixing and powder mixing, Mixing of semisolids,Study of Silverson Mixerâ€"Homogeniser, Planetary Mixer; Agitated powder mixer; Triple Roller Mill; Propeller Mixer, Colloid Mill and Hand Homogeniser. Double cone mixer.
8. Clarification and Filtration-Theory of filtration, Filter media; Filter aids and selection offilters. Study of the following filtration equipments "Filter Press, Sintered Filters, FilterCandles, Metafilter (a) Study of percolation and maceration and their modification, continuous hot extraction"Applications in the preparation of tinctures and extracts.
(b) Introduction to Ayurvedic dosage forms.
10. Heat processes Evaporation "Definition Factors affecting evaporation-Study of evaporating still and Evaporating Pan.
11. Distillation "Simple distillation and Fractional distillation; Steam distillation and vacuumdistillation. Study of vacuum still, preparation of Purified Water I.P. and water for injection I.P. Construction and working of the still used for the same.
12. Introduction to drying processes "Study of Tray Dryers: Fluidized Bed Dryer, VacuumDryer and Freeze Dryer.
13. Sterilization "Concept of sterilization and its differences from disinfection-Thermal resistance of microorganisms. Detailed study of the following sterilization process.
Aseptic techniques. Application of sterilization processes in hospitals particularly withreference to surgical dressings and intravenous fluids. Precautions for safe and effective handling of sterilization equipment.
14. Processing of Tablets-Definition; Different types of compressed tablets and theirproperties. Processes involved in the production of tablets; Tablets excipients; Defects intablets. Evaluation of Tablets; Physical Standards including Disintegration and Dissolution.
Tablet coating "sugar coating; film coating, enteric coating and microencapsulation (Tablet coating may be dealt in an elementary manner.) 15. Processing of Capsules "Hard and soft gelatin capsules; different sizes capsules; fillingof capsules; handling and storage of capsules, Special applications of capsules.
16. Study of immunological products like sera vaccines, toxoids & their preparations.
PRACTICAL
Preparation (minimum number stated against each) of the following categories illustrating 12. Preparations involving aseptic techniques Books Recommended
(Latest editions)
1. Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences.
2. The Extra Pharmacopoeia-Martindale.
PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY -I
(75 hours)
1.General discussion on the following inorganic compounds including important physical andchemical properties, medicinal and Pharmaceutical uses, storage conditions and chemicalincompatibility.
(A) Acids, bases and buffers Boric acid*, Hydrochloric acid, strong ammonium hydroxide, Calcium hydroxide, Sodium hydroxide and official buffers.
(B) Antioxidantsâ€"Hypophosphorous acid, Sulphur dioxide, Sodium bisulphite, Sodium metabisulphite, Sodium thiosulphate, Nitrogen and Sodium Nitrite.
Acidifying agents Dilute hydrochloric acid.
Antacids-Sodium bicarbonate, Aluminium hydroxide gel, Aluminium Phosphate, Calcium carbonate, Magnesium carbonate, Magnesium trisilicate, Magnesium oxide, Combinations of antacid preparations.
(iii) Protectives and Adsorbents-Bismuth subcarbonate and Kaolin.
(iv) Saline Cathartics-Sodium potassium tartrate and Magnesium sulphate.
Protectives-Talc, Zinc Oxide, Calamine, Zinc stearate, Titanium dioxide, Silicone Antimicrobials and Astringentsâ€"Hydrogen peroxide*, Potassium permanganate, Chlorinated lime, Iodine, Solutions of Iodine, Povidone-iodine, Boric acid, Borax. Silver nitrate, Mild silver protein, Mercury, Yellow mercuric oxide, Ammoniated mercury.
(iii) Sulphur and its compoundsâ€"Sublimed sulphur precipitated sulphur, selenium (iv) Astringents:-Alum and Zinc Sulphate.
(E) Dental Productsâ€"Sodium Fluride, Stannous Flouride, Calcium carbonate, Sodium metaphosphate, Dicalcium phosphate, Strontium chloride, Zinc chloride.
(F) Inhalantsâ€"Oxygen, Carbon dioxide, Nitrous oxide.
(G) Respiratory stimulantsâ€"Ammonium Carbonate.
(H) Expectorants and Emeticsâ€"Ammonium chloride , *Potassium iodide, Antimonypotassium tartrate.
2. Major Intra and Extracellular electrolytes- (A) Electrolytes used for replacement therapy-Sodium chloride and its preparations, Potassium chloride and its preparations.
(B) Physiological acid-base balance and electrolytes used-Sodium acetate, Potassiumacetate, Sodium bicarbonate injection, Sodium citrate, Potassium citrate, Sodium lactateinjection, Ammonium chloride and its injection.
(C) Combination of oral electrolyte powders and solutions.
3. Inorganic Official compounds of Iron, Iodine, and, Calcium Ferrous Sulfate and Calcium 4.Radio pharmaceuticals and Contrast media-Radio activity-Alpha, Beta and GammaRadiations, Biological effects of radiations, Measurement of radio activity, G. M. CounterRadio isotopes their uses, storage and precautions with special reference to the officialpreparations.
Radio opaque Contrast mediaâ€"Barium sulfate.
5.Quality control of Drugs and Pharmaceuticals-Importance of quality control, significanterrors, methods used for quality control, sources of impurities in Pharmaceuticals, Limit tests for Arsenic, chloride, sulphate, Iron and Heavy metals.
6.Identification tests for cations and anions as per Indian Pharmacopoeia.
PRACTICAL
(75 hours)
1. Identification tests for inorganic compounds particularly drugs and pharmaceuticals.
2. Limit test for chloride, sulfate, Arsenic, Iron and Heavy metals.
3. Assay of inorganic Pharmaceuticals involving each of the following methods of compounds marked with (*) under theory.
Redox titrations (One each of Permanganometry and iodimetry) Complexometric titrations (Calcium and Magnesium) Book recommended (Latest editions)
PHARMACOGNOSY
(75 hours)
1. Definition, history and scope of Pharmacognosy including indigenous system of medicine.
2. Various systems of classification of drugs of natural origin.
3. Adulteration and drug evaluation; significance of Pharmacopoeial standards.
4. Brief outline of occurrence, distribution, outline of isolation, identification tests,therapeutic effects and pharmaceutical applications of alkaloids, terpenoids, glycosides, 5. Occurrence, distribution, organoleptic evaluation, chemical constituents including testswherever applicable and therapeutic efficacy of following categories of drugs.
Laxatives: Aloes, Rhuburb, Castor oil, Ispaghula, Senna.
Carminatives & G.I. regulators-Umbelliferous fruits, Coriander, Fennel, Ajowan, Cardamom Ginger, Black pepper, Asafoetida, Nutmeg, Cinnamon, Clove.
Drugs acting on nervous system-Hyoscyamus, Belladonna, Aconite, Ashwagandha, Ephedra, Opium, Cannabis, Nux vomica.
Antitussives-Vasaka, Tolu balsam, Tulsi.
Antidiabetics -Pterocarpus, Gymnema, Sylvestro.
Diureticsâ€"Gokhru, Punarrnava.
Antiseptics and disinfectants Benzoin, Myrrh. Nim, curcuma.
Perfumes and flavouring agents-Peppermint Oil, Lemon Oil, Orange Oil, Lemon grass Pharmaceutical aids-Honey, Arachis Oil, Starch, Kaolin, Pectin, Olive oil, Lanolin, Beeswax, Acacia, Tragacanth, Sodium alginate, Agar, Guar gum, Gelatin.
6. Collection and preparation of crude drug for the market as exemplified by Ergot, opium, 7. Study of source, preparation and identification of fibres used in sutures and surgical dressingsâ€"cotton, silk, wool and regenerated fibre.
8. Gross anatomical studies of Senna, Datura, Cinnamon, Cinchona, Fennel, Clove, Ginger, PRACTICAL
(75 hours)
1.Identification of drug by morphological characters.
2.Physical and chemical tests for evaluation of drugs wherever applicable.
3.Gross anatomical studies (t.s) of the following drugs: Senna, Datura, Cinnamon,
Cinchona, Coriander, Fennel, Clove, Ginger, Nuxvomica, Ipecacuanha.
4.Identification of fibres and surgical dressings.
BIOCHEMISTRY AND CLINICAL PATHOLOGY
(50 hours)
2. Brief chemistry and role of proteins, polypeptides and amino acids, classification, Qualitative tests, Biological value, Deficiency diseases.
3. Brief chemistry and role of Carbohydrates, Classification, qualitative tests, Diseasesrelated to carbohydrate metabolism.
4. Brief chemistry and role of Lipids, Classification, qualitative tests. Diseases related tolipids metabolism.
5. Brief chemistry and role of Vitamins and Coenzymes.
6. Role of minerals and water in life processes.
7. Enzymes : Brief concept of enzymic action. Factors affecting it. Therapeutic and 8. Brief concept of normal and abnormal metabolism of proteins, carbohydrates and lipids.
9. Introduction to pathology of blood and urine.
Lymphocytes and Platelets, their role in health and disease.
Erythrocytes Abnormal cells and their significance.
Abnormal constituents of urine and their significance in diseases.
PRACTICAL
(75 hours)
1. Detection and identification of Proteins, Amino acids, Carbohydrates and lipids.
2. Analysis of normal and abnormal constituents of Blood and Urine (Glucose, Urea,Creatine, creatinine, cholesterol, alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, Bilirubin, SGPT, 3. Examination of sputum and faeces (microscopic and staining).
4. Practice in injecting drugs by intramuscular, subcutaneous and intravenous routes.
HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
(75 hours)
Definition of various terms used in Anatomy 2. Structure of cell, function of its components with special reference to mitochondria and 3. Elementary tissues of the body. i.e epithelial tissue, muscular tissue, connective tissue 4. Structure and function of skeleton. Classification of joints and their function, Jointdisorder.
5. Composition of blood, functions of blood elements. Blood group and coagulation of blood.
Brief information regarding disorders of blood.
6. Name and functions of lymph glands.
7. Structure and functions of various parts of the heart. Arterial and venous systems withspecial reference to the names and positions of main arteries and veins. Blood pressure and its recording. Brief information about cardiovascular disorders.
8. Various parts of respiratory system and their functions. Physiology of respiration.
9. Various parts of urinary system and their functions, structure and functions of kidney.
Physiology of Urine formation. Pathophysiology of renal diseases and oedema.
10. Structure of skeletal muscle. Physiology of muscle contraction, Names, position,attachments and functions of various skeletal muscles. Physiology of neuromuscular 11. Various parts of central nervous system, brain and its parts, functions and reflex action. Anatomy and Physiology of autonomic nervous system.
12. Elementary knowledge of structure and functions of the organs of taste, smell, ear, 13. Digestive system; names of the various parts of digestive system and their functions.
Structure and functions of liver, physiology of digestion and absorption.
14. Endocrine glands and Hormones. Locations of the glands, their hormones and functions. Pituitary, thyroid, Adrenal and Pancreas.
15. Reproductive system -Physiology and Anatomy of Reproductive system.
PRACTICAL
(50 hours)
2. Study with the help of charts and models of the following systems and organs: 3. Microscopic examination of epithelial tissue, cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, skeletalmuscle. Connective tissue and nervous tissues.
4. Examination of blood films for TLC, DLC and malarial parasite.
5. Determination of clotting time of blood, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and Hemoglobinvalue.
6. Recording of body temperature, pulse, heart rate, blood pressure and ECG.
HEALTH EDUCATION AND COMMUNITY PHARMACY
(50 hours)
1. Concept of health â€"Definition of physical health, mental health, social health, spiritualhealth determinants of health, indicators of health, concept of disease, natural history ofdiseases, the disease agents, concept of prevention of diseases.
2. Nutrition and healthâ€"Classification of foods requirements, disease induced due to deficiency of proteins, Vitamins and minerals-treatment and prevention.
3. Demography and family planningâ€"Demography cycle, fertility, family planning,contraceptive methods, behavioural methods, natural family planning method, chemical method, mechanical methods, hormonal contraceptives, population problem of India.
4. First aidâ€"Emergency treatment in shock, snake-bite, burns poisoning, heart disease,fractures and resuscitation methods. Elements of minor surgery and dressings.
5. Environment and health-Sources of water supply, water pollution, purification of water,health and air, noise light-solid waste disposal and control-medical entomology, arthropod borne diseases and their control, rodents, animals and diseases.
6. Fundamental principles of microbiology classification of microbes, isolation, staining techniques of organisms of common diseases.
7. Communicable diseases â€"Causative agents, modes of transmission and prevention.
Respiratory infectionsâ€"Chicken pox, measles. Influenza, diphtheria, whooping cough Intestinal infections: Poliomyelitis. Hepatitis. Cholera. Typhoid, Food poisoning, Arthropod borne infections-plague, Malaria, Filariasis.
Surface infections-Rabies, Trachoma, Tetanus, Leprosy.
Sexually transmitted diseases ---Syphilis. Gonorrhoea. AIDS.
8. Non-communicable diseases-Causative agents, prevention, care and control; Cancer,Diabetes, Blindness, Cardiovascular diseases.
9. Epidemiologyâ€" Its scope, methods, uses, dynamics of disease transmission, immunityand immunization: Immunological products and their dose schedule. Principles of diseasecontrol and prevention, hospital acquired infection, prevention and control. Disinfection,types of disinfection, disinfection procedures, for faeces, urine, sputum, room linen, dead- DCP- II Year
PHARMACEUTICS II
(75 hours)
Prescriptions-Reading and understanding of prescription; Latin terms commonly used (Detailed study is not necessary), Modern methods of prescribing, adoption of metric system. Calculations involved in dispensing.
Incompatibilities in Prescriptions-Study of various types of incompatibilities-physical, (iii) Posologyâ€"Dose and Dosage of drugs, Factors influencing dose, Calculations of doses on the basis of age, sex and surface area. Veterinary doses.
(Note: A detailed study of the following dispensed medication is necessary. Methods ofpreparation with theoretical and practical aspects, use of appropriate containers andclosures. Special labelling requirements and storage conditions should be high-lighted).
Powders-Types of powders-Advantages and disadvantages of powders, Granules, Cachets and Tablet triturates. Preparation of different types of powders encountered inprescriptions. Weighing methods, possible errors in weighing, minimum weighable amountsand weighing of material below the minimum weighable amount, geometric dilution andproper usage and care of dispensing balance.
(a). Monophasicâ€"Theoretical aspects including commonly used vehicles, essential adjuvant like stabilizers, colourants and flavours, with examples.
Review of the following monophasic liquids with details of formulation and practical administration or used on mucusmembranes.
Suspension (elementary study)----Suspensions containing diffusible solids and liquids and their preparations. Study of the adjuvants used like thickening agents, wetting agents,their necessity and quantity to be incorporated. Suspensions of precipitate forming liquidslike, tinctures, their preparations and stability. Suspensions produced by chemical reaction.
An introduction to flocculated, non-flocculated suspension system.
Emulsions-Types of emulsions, identification of emulsion system, formulation of emulsions, selection of emulsifying agents. Instabilities in emulsions. Preservation ofemulsions.
Ointmentsâ€"Types of ointments, classification and selection of dermatological vehicles. Preparation and stability of ointments by the following processes: Trituration (ii) Fusion (iii) Chemical reaction (iv) Emulsification.
Pastes--- Difference between ointments and pastes, bases of pastes. Preparation of Jellies-An introduction to the different types of jellies and their preparation.
Suppositories and pessaries-Their relative merits and demerits, types of suppositories, suppository bases, classification, properties, Preparation and packing of suppositories. Use of suppositories for drug absorption.
Introduction to Dentrifices, Facial cosmetics, Deodorants, Antiperspirants, Shampoos, Hair Parenteral dosage formsâ€"Definitions, General requirements for parenteral dosage forms. Types of parenteral formulations, vehicles, adjuvants, processing, personnel,facilities and Quality control. Preparation of Intravenous fluids and admixtures-Total parenteral nutrition, Dialysis fluids.
Sterility testing, Particulate matter monitoring-Faulty seal packaging.
Ophthalmic Products-Study of essential characteristics of different ophthalmic preparations. Formulation additives, special precautions in handling and storage ofophthalmic products.
PRACTICAL
(100 hours)
Dispensing of at least 100 products covering a wide range of preparations such asmixtures, emulsions, lotions, liniments, E.N.T, preparations, ointments, suppositories, powders, incompatible prescriptions etc.
Books recommended :(Latest editions)
4. Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences.
PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTY II
(100 hours)
1. Introduction to the nomenclature of organic chemical systems with particular reference to heterocyclic system containing up to 3 rings.
2. The Chemistry of following Pharmaceutical organic compounds, covering theirnomenclature, chemical structure, uses and the important Physical and Chemical properties (Chemical structure of only those compounds marked with asterisk (*).
The stability and storage conditions and the different type of Pharmaceutical formulations of these drugs and their popular brand names.
Antiseptics and Disinfectants-Proflavine, * Benzalkoniumchloride, Cetrimide, Chlorocresol*, Chloroxylene, Formaldehyde solution, Hexachlorophene, Liquified phenol, Nitrofurantoin.
Sulfonamides-Sulfadiazine, Sulfaguanidine*, Phthalysulfathiazole, Succinylsulfathiazole,Sulfadimethoxine, Antileprotic Drugs-Clofazimine, Thiambutosine, Dapsone*, Solapsone.
Thiacetazone, Ethionamide, Cycloserine, Pyrazinamide*.
hydroxyquinolines, diloxanidefuroate, Paramomycin Piperazine*, Mebendazole, D.E.C*,.
Antibiotics-Benzyl Penicillin*, Phenoxy methyl Penicillin*, Benzathine Penicillin Ampicillin*,Cloxacillin, Carbenicillin, Gentamicin, Neomycin , Erythromycin , Tetracycline, Cephalexin,Cephaloridine , Cephalothin, Griseofulvin , Chloramphenicol.
Antifungal agents-Undecylenic acid, Tolnaftate, Nystatin, Amphotericin, Hamycin.
Antimalarial Drugs-Chloroquine*, Amodiaquine, Primaquine, Proguanil, Pyrimethamine*, Tranquilizers-Chlorpromazine*, Prochlorperazine, TrifluoPerazine, Thiothixene, Haloperidol*, Triperidol, Oxypertine, Chlordiazepoxide, Diazepam*, Lorazepam, Meprobamate.
Hypnoticsâ€"Phenobarbitone*, Butobarbitone, Cyclobarbitone, Nitrazepam, Glutethimide*, Methyprylone, Paraldehyde, Triclofos sodium.
General Anaesthetics-Halothane*, Cyclopropane*, Diethyl ether*, Methohexital sodium,Thiopental sodium, Trichloroethyelene.
Analeptics-Theophylline, Caffeine*,Coramine*, Dextroamphetamine.
Adrenergic Drugs-Adrenaline*, Noradrenaline, Isoprenaline*, Phenylephrine Salbutamol, Terbutaline, Ephedrine *, Pseudoephedrine.
Adrenergic Antagoinst-Tolazoline, Propranolol*, Practolol.
Cholinergic Drugs-Neostigmine*,Pyridostigmine, Pralidoxime, Pilocarpine, Physostigmine*.
Cholinergic Antagonists-Atropine*, Hysocine, Homatropine, Propantheline*, Benztrophine, Cardiovascular Drugs-Ethyl nitrite*, Glyceryl trinitrate, Alpha methyl dopa, Guanethidine,Clofibrate, Quinidine.
Hypoglycemic Agents-Insulin, Chlorpropamide*, Tolbutamide, Glibenclamide, Phenformin *, Coagulants and Anti-Coagulants-Heparin, Thrombin, Menadione*, Bishydroxycoumarin, Local Anaesthetics-Lignocaine*, Procaine*, Benzocaine.
Histamine and Antiâ€"histaminic Agents-Histamine, Diphenhydramine*, Promethazine, Cyproheptadine, Mepyramine, Pheniramine, Chlorpheniramine*.
Analgesics and Anti-pyreticsâ€"Morphin, Pethidine*, Codeine, Methadone, Aspirin*, Paracetamol*, Analgin, Dextropropoxyphene, Pentazocine.
Oxyphenbutazone, Ibuprofen, Thyroxine and Antithyroids-Thyroxine*, Methimazole, indigotindisulfonate, Indigo Carmine, Evans blue, Congo Red, Fluorescein Sodium.
*Anticonvulsants, cardiac glycosides, Antiarrhythmic antihypertensives & vitamins.
Steroidal Drugs-Betamethazone, Cortisone, Hydrocortisone, prednisolone, Progesterone, Testosterone, Oestradiol, Nandrolone.
Anti- Neoplastic Drugs-Actinomycins, Azathioprine, Busulphan, Chlorambucil, Cisplatincyclophosphamide, Daunorubicin hydrochloride, Fluorouracil, Mercaptopurine, Methotrexate, Books Recommended :(Latest editions)
PRACTICAL
(75 hours)
1. Systematic qualitative testing of organic drugs involving Solubility determination, melting point and boiling point, detection of elements and functional groups (10 compounds).
2. Official identification test for certain groups of drugs included in the I.P like barbiturates, sulfonamides, phenothiazine, Antibiotic etc (8 compounds).
3. Preparation of three simple organic preparations.
PHARMACOLOGY & TOXICOLOGY
(75 hours)
1. Introduction to Pharmacology, scope of Pharmacology.
2. Routes of administration of drugs, their advantages and disadvantages.
3. Various processes of absorption of drugs and the factors affecting them, Metabolism, distribution and excretion of drugs.
4. General mechanism of drugs action and the factors which modify drug action.
5. Pharmacological classification of drugs. The discussion of drugs should emphasise the (i)Drugs acting on the Central Nervous System: (a) General anaesthetics, adjunction to anaesthesia, intravenuous anasesthetics.
(b) Analgesic antipyretics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, Narcotic analgesics,Antirheumatic and antigout remedies, Sedatives and Hypnotics, Psychopharmacological agents, anti convulsants, analeptics.
(c) Centrally acting muscle relaxants and anti parkinsonism agents (iii) Drug acting on autonomic nervous system.
(a) Cholinergic drug, Anticholinergic drugs, anti cholinesterase drugs.
(b) Adrenergic drugs and adrenergic recepter blockers.
(c) Neurones blockers and ganglion blockers.
(d) Neuromuscular blockers, drugs used in myasthenia gravis.
(iv) Drugs acting on eye, mydriatics, drugs used in glaucoma.
(v) Drugs acting on respiratory system-Respiratory stimulants, Bronchodilators, Nasaldecongestants, Expectorants and Antitussive agents.
(vi)Antacids, Physiological role of histamine and serotonin, Histamine and Antihistamines, (vii) Cardio Vascular drugs, Cardiotonics, Antiarrhythmic agents, Antianginal agents, Antihypertensive agents, Peripheral Vasodilators and drugs used in atherosclerosis.
(viii) Drugs acting on the blood and blood forming organs. Haematinics, Coagulants and anti Coagulants, Haemostatics, Blood substitutes and plasma expanders.
(ix) Drugs affecting renal function-Diuretics and antidiuretics.
(x) Hormones and hormone antagonists-hypoglycemic agents, Antithyroid drugs, sex hormones and oral contraceptives, corticosteroids.
(xi) Drugs acting on digestive system-Carminatives, digestants Bitters, Antacids and drugsused in Peptic ulcer, purgatives, and laxatives, Antidiarrhoeals, Emetics, Antiemetics, Anti-spasmodics.
Chemotherapy of microbial disease ;Urinary antiseptics, Sulphonamides, Penicillins,Streptomycin, Tetracylines and other antibiotics, Antitubercular agents, Antifungal agents, antiviral drugs, antileprotic drugs.
6. Chemotherapy of protozoal diseases Anthelmintic drugs.
A detailed study of the action of drugs on each organ is not necessary.
PRACTICAL
(50 hours)
The first six of the following experiments will be done by the students while the remaining will be demonstrated by the teacher.
1. Effect of K+, Ca++, acetylcholine and adrenaline on frog's heart.
2. Effect of acetylcholine on rectus abdominis muscle of Frog and guinea pig ileum.
3. Effect on spasmogens and relaxants on rabbits intestine.
4. Effect of local anaesthetics on rabbit cornea.
5. Effect of mydriatics and miotics on rabbits eye.
6. To study the action of strychnine on frog.
7. Effect of digitalis on frog's heart.
9. Effect of convulsants and anticonvulsant in mice or rats.
11. Taming and hypnosis potentiating effect of chlorpromazine in mice/rats.
12. Effect of diphenhydramine in experimentally produced asthma in guinea pigs.
PHARMACEUTICAL JURISPRUDENCE
(50 hours)
1. Origin and nature of Pharmaceutical legislation in India, its scope and objectives.
Evolution of the "Concept of Pharmacy" as an integral part of the Health Care System.
2. Principles and significance of Professional Ethics. Critical study of the code ofPharmaceutical Ethics drafted by Pharmacy Council of India.
3. Pharmacy Act, 1948-The General study of the Pharmacy Act with special reference toEducation Regulations, working of State and Central Councils, constitution of these councils and functions, Registration procedures under the Act.
4. The Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940â€"General study of the Drugs and Cosmetics Act andthe Rules thereunder. Definitions and salient features related to retail and wholesaledistribution of drugs. The powers of Inspectors, the sampling procedures and the procedureand formalities in obtaining licences under the rule. Facilities to be provided for running aPharmacy effectively. General study of the Schedules with special reference of schedules C, C1, F, G, J, H, P and X and salient features of labelling and storage condition of drugs.
5. The Drug and Magic Remedies (Objectionable Advertisement) Act, 1945-General study ofthe Act Objectives, special reference to be laid on Advertisements. Magic remedies and objectionable and permitted advertisements-disease which cannot be claimed to be cured.
6. Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, 1985-A brief study of the act with special reference to its objectives, offences and punishment.
7. Brief introduction to the study of the following acts.
1. Latest Drugs (Price Control) Order in force.
3. Medicinal and Toilet Preparations (Excise Duties) Act, 1995 (as amended to date) 4. Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act, 1971 (as amended to date) BOOKS RECOMMENDED (Latest edition)
Bare Acts of the said laws published by Government.
DRUG STORE AND BUSINESS MANAGEMENT
(75 hours)
1. Introduction-Trade, Industry and Commerce, Functions and subdivision of Commerce, Introduction of Elements of Economics and Management.
4. Drug House Management-Selection of Site, Space Lay-out and legal requirements.
Importance and objectives of Purchasing, selection of suppliers, credit information, tenders, contracts and price determination and legal requirements thereto.
Codification, handling of drug stores and other hospital supplies.
5. Inventory Control-objects and importance, modern techniques like ABC, VED analysis,the lead time, inventory carrying cost, safety stock, minimum and maximum stock levels, economic order quantity, scrap and surplus disposal.
6. Sales Promotion, Market Research, Salesmanship, qualities of a salesman, Advertising 7. Recruitment, training, evaluation and compensation of the pharmacist.
8 Banking and Finance Service and functions of the bank, Finance Planning and sources of Part-II Accountancy (25 hours)
1. Introduction to the accounting concepts and conventions, Double entry Book keeping, 4. Profit and Loss Account and Balance Sheet.
5. Simple technique of analysing financial statements.
Books Recommended (Latest edition)
Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences.
HOSPITAL AND CLINICAL PHARMACY
(75 hours)
1. Hospitals Definition, Function, Classifications based on various criteria, organisation, Management and Health delivery system inIndia.
Functions and objectives of Hospital Pharmaceutical services.
Location, Layout, Flow chart of material and men.
Personnel and facilities requirements including equipments based on individual and Requirements and abilities required for Hospital pharmacists.
3. Drug Distribution system in Hospitals: In-patient services-(a) types of services (b) detailed discussion of unit Dose system, Floor ward stock system, Satellite pharmacy services, Central sterile services, Bed SidePharmacy.
Economical considerations, estimation of demand.
Sterile manufacture-large and small volume parenterals, facilities, requirements, layout production planning, man-power requirements.
Non-sterile manufacture-Liquid orals, externals-bulk concentrates.
Procurement of stores and testing of raw materials.
5. Nomenclature and uses of surgical instruments and Hospital Equipments and health 6. P.T.C (Pharmacy Therapeutic Committee), Hospital Formulary System and their organisation, functioning, composition.
7. Drug Information service and Drug Information Bulletin.
8. Surgical dressing like cotton, gauze, bandages and adhesive tapes including theirpharmacopoeial tests for quality. Other hospital supply e.g I.V sets B.G sets, Ryals tubes,Catheters, Syringes etc.
9. Application of computer in maintenance of records, inventory control, medicationmonitoring, drug information and data storage and retrieval in hospital and retail pharmacy Part-II : Clinical Pharmacy.
1. Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy Practice-Definition, scope.
2. Modern dispensing aspects-Pharmacists and Patient counselling and advice for the use of 3. Common daily terminology used in the Practice of Medicine.
4. Disease, manifestation and pathophysiology including salient symptoms to understandthe disease like Tuberculosis, Hepatitis, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Cardiovascular diseases,Epilepsy, Diabetes, Peptic Ulcer, Hypertension.
5. Physiological parameters with their significance.
Drug-drug interaction with reference to analgesics, diuretics, cardiovascular drugs, Gastro-intestinal agents, Vitamins and Hypoglycemic agents.
Drug-induced diseases and Teratogenicity.
8. Drugs in Clinical Toxicity-Introduction, general treatment of poisoning, systematicantidotes. Treatment of insecticide poisoning, heavy metal poison, Narcotic drugs, Barbiturate, Organophosphours poisons.
9. Drug dependences, Drug abuse, addictive drugs and their treatment, complications.
10. Bioâ€"availability of drugs, including factors affecting it.
Books recommended (Latest editions)
1. Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences.
PRACTICAL
(50 hours)
1. Preparation of transfusion fluids.
2. Testing of raw materials used in (1).
3. Evaluation of surgical dressings.
4. Sterilization of surgical instruments, glass ware and other hospital supplies.
5. Handling and use of data processing equipments

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