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Local anesthetic for periodontal administration CLINICAL STUDIES
A total of 337 patients (146 men and 191 women; 169 Oraqix® and 168 placebo) were studied in three randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials. Subjects received a median dose of approximately 1 cartridge (1.7g gel), ranging from ¼ - 2½ cartridges per quadrant treated. The primary objective of these clinical studies was to estimate the analgesic effect of Oraqix® by asking subjects to rate their pain on a continuous visual analog scale (VAS) from 0 (no pain) to 100 mm (worst pain imaginable). Patients were asked to report overall procedural pain 5 minutes (lidocaine and prilocaine periodontal gel) 2.5% / 2.5%
following manual scaling and/or root planing (SRP) in a single quadrant that had been pre-treated with Oraqix® DESCRIPTION
or placebo (vehicle only, without lidocaine or prilocaine). In all three studies, subjects who were given Oraqix® or Oraqix® (lidocaine and prilocaine periodontal gel,) 2.5%/2.5% is a microemulsion in which the oil phase is a placebo (vehicle only, without lidocaine or prilocaine). In all three studies, subjects who were given Oraqix® reported eutectic mixture of lidocaine and prilocaine in a ratio of 1:1 by weight. This eutectic mixture has a melting point less pain during the procedure than those given placebo. Study B3 recruited patients with a known sensitivity to below room temperature, therefore both local anesthetics exist as liquid oils rather than as crystals. Oraqix® mechanical probing of dental pockets, whereas in studies B1 and B2, this was not a requirement. Results of B1, B2 contains poloxamer excipients, which show reversible temperature-dependent gelation. Together with the lidocaine-prilocaine 1:1 mixture, the poloxamers form a low-viscosity fluid system at room temperature and an elastic gel in the periodontal pocket. Oraqix® is administered into periodontal pockets, by means of the supplied Visual Analog Pain Scale (100 mm scale)
special applicator. Gelation occurs at body temperature, followed by release of the local anesthetics, lidocaine and prilocaine. The Oraqix® single-use glass cartridges deliver up to 1.7g(1.7mL) of gel (42.5 mg of lidocaine and 42.5 mg of prilocaine). Prilocaine base and lidocaine base are both relatively hydrophilic amino-amides.
Oraqix®
(NO.of patients)
Median VAS
Median VAS
STRUCTURAL FORMULAS
A secondary objective was to compare individual patient estimates of pain on a 5-step categorical Verbal Rating Lidocaine is chemically designated as 2-(diethylamino)-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-acetamide and has an octanol:water Scale (VRS) which included the following categories: no pain, mild pain, moderate pain, severe pain, and very partition ratio of 43 at pH 7.4. The pKa of lidocaine is 7.86. Prilocaine is chemically designated as N-(2-methyl- severe pain. The results of those who reported no pain or mild pain are shown in the test table.
phenyl)-2 (propylamino)-propanamide and has an octanol:water partition ratio of 25 at pH 7.4. The pKa of Verbal Rating Scale
Numger of Patients Reporting "no pain" or "mild pain" during SRP Each gram of Oraqix® contains 25-mg lidocaine base and 25-mg prilocaine base. The gel also contains thermosetting agents (poloxamer 188 purified, poloxamer 407 purified), hydrochloric acid (pH adjustment), and Oraqix®
purified water. The pH of Oraqix® is 7.5-8.0.
(No.of Patients)
CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY
Lidocaine and prilocaine belong to the amide class of local anesthetics. Both lidocaine and prilocaine block sodium ion channels required for the initiation and conduction of neuronal impulses, resulting in local anesthesia.
Oraqix® is applied directly into periodontal pockets to provide localized anesthesia. The onset of local anesthetic *p<0.05 in the statistical test of the full five categorical scale effect after application of Oraqix® occurs by 30 seconds and a longer waiting time does not enhance the anesthetic affect. Anesthetic effect, as assessed by probing of pocket depths, lasted for about 20 minutes (individual overall INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Oraqix® is indicated for adults who require localized anesthesia in periodontal pockets during scaling and/or root PHARMACOKINETICS
Absorption: Lidocaine and prilocaine are absorbed from Oraqix CONTRAINDICATIONS
® via the oral mucous membranes. After a single Oraqix® is contraindicated in patients with a known history of hypersensitivity to local anesthetics of the amide type ®, the mean (±SD) lidocaine and prilocaine Cmax values were 182 (±53) and or to any other component of the product.
±27) ng/mL, respectively. After a total of 8 - 8.5 g Oraqix® administered as repeated applications over 3 hours, the mean (±SD) lidocaine Cmax was 284 (±122) ng/mL, ranging between 157 and 552 ng/mL. The mean lidocaine WARNINGS
AUC∞ was 84,000 ng.min/mL. The mean (±SD) prilocaine Cmax was 106 (±45) ng/mL, ranging between 53 and Prilocaine can cause elevated methemoglobin levels particularly in conjunction with methemoglobin-inducing 181 ng/mL. The mean prilocaine AUC∞ was 26,000 ng.min/mL.
agents. Methemoglobinemia has also been reported in a few cases in association with lidocaine treatment. Patients The toxicities of lidocaine and prilocaine are thought to be additive. Systemic CNS toxicity may occur over a with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency or congenital or idiopathic methemoglobinemia are more range of plasma concentrations of local anesthetics. CNS toxicity may typically be found around 5000 ng/mL of susceptible to drug-induced methemoglobinemia. Oraqix® should not be used iin those patients with congenital lidocaine, however a small number of patients reportedly may show signs of toxicity at approximately 1000 ng/mL. or idiopathic methemoglobinemia and in infants under the age of twelve months who are receiving treatment with Pharmacological thresholds for prilocaine are poorly defined.
methemoglobin-inducing agents. Signs and symptoms of methemoglobinemia may be delayed some hours after exposure. Initial signs and symptoms of methemoglobinemia are characterized by a slate grey cyanosis seen in, e.g., buccal mucous membranes, lips and nail beds. In severe cases symptoms may include central cyanosis, max of lidocaine and prilocaine was 30 minutes, ranging between 20 and 40 min., after the start of a single application of 0.9 to 3.5 g Oraqix®, and 200 minutes, ranging between 120 and 200 min., after a cumulative headache, lethargy, dizziness, fatigue, syncope, dyspnea, CNS depression, seizures, dysrhythmia and shock. dose of 8.5g Oraqix® administered as repeated applications over 3 hours.
Methemoglobinemia should be considered if central cyanosis unresponsive to oxygen therapy occurs, especially if metHb-inducing agents have been used. Calculated oxygen saturation and pulse oximetry are inaccurate in the Distribution: Lidocaine and prilocaine have an intermediate degree of plasma protein binding, mainly to 1-acid setting of methemoglobinemia. The diagnosis can be confirmed by an elevated methemoglobin level measured glycoprotein, with a protein binding of 70% and 40%, respectively. When administered intravenously, the with co-oximetry. Normally, metHb levels are <1%, and cyanosis may not be evident until a level of at least 10% is mean volume of distribution (for 60-kg person) at steady state for lidocaine and prilocaine were 90 L and 156 present. The development of methemoglobinemia is generally dose related. The individual maximum level of metHb L, respectively. Oraqix® is not intended for intravenous administration. Both lidocaine and prilocaine cross the in blood ranged from 0.8% to 1.7% following administration of the maximum dose of 8.5 g Oraqix®.
placental and blood brain barriers, presumably by passive diffusion. Management of Methemoglobinemia: Clinically significant symptoms of methemoglobinemia should be treated with Metabolism: Lidocaine and prilocaine are mainly metabolized in the liver. Prilocaine and lidocaine are not a standard clinical regimen such as a slow intravenous infection of methylene blue at a dosage of 1-2 mg/kg given The main metabolism of lidocaine is through N-dealkylation to monoethylglycinexylidide (MEGX) and Patients taking drugs associated with drug-induced methemoglobinemia such as sulfonamides, acetaminophen, glycinexylidide (GX), which is mainly mediated by CYP3A4. These metabolites are hydrolyzed to 2,6-xylidine, which acetanilide, aniline dyes, benzocaine, chloroquine, dapsone, naphthalene, nitrates and nitrites, nitrofurantoin, is converted to 4-hydroxy-2,6-xylidine (mediated by CYP2A6), the major urinary metabolite in man. After a total nitroglycerin, nitroprusside, pamaquine, para-aminosalicylic acid, phenacetin, phenobarbital, phenytoin, primaquine, of 8-8.5 g Oraqix® administered as repeated applications over 3 hours, the mean (+SD) 2,6-xylidine Cmax was and quinine are also at greater risk for developing methemoglobinemia. Treatment with Oraqix® should be avoided 18 (+8.4) ng/mL ranging between 8 and 32 ng/mL. The mean 2,6-xylidine AUC∞ was 9800 ng.min/mL (±6370), in patients with any of the above conditions or with a previous history of problems in connection with prilocaine ranging between 3480-24,580 ng/min/mL). MEGX has an antiarrhythmic and convulsant activity similar to that of lidocaine and a somewhat longer half-life. GX has a weak antiarrhythmic effect but lacks convulsant activity and has PRECAUTIONS
Prilocaine is split at the amide linkage to o-toluidine, which is converted further to 4- and 6- hydroxytoluidine. The DO NOT INJECT
prilocaine metabolite o-toluidine and the hydroxylated metabolites of o-toluidine are excreted mainly in the urine. Oraqix® should not be used with standard dental syringes. Only use these product with the Oraqix® Dispenser, o-Toluidine has been shown to be carcinogenic in several animal models. After a total of 8 - 8.5 g Oraqix® was which is available from DENTSPLY Pharmaceutical.
administered as repeated applications over 3 hours, the mean (±SD) o-toluidine Cmax was 25 (±11) ng/mL ranging between 13 and 44 ng/mL. The mean o-toluidine AUC Allergic and anaphylactic reactions associated with lidocaine or prilocaine can occur. These reactions may be ∞ was 9200 ng.min/mL. The median Tmax was 220 minutes, ranging between 90 and 240 min. In addition, o-Toluidine can cause the formation of methemoglobin (metHb) characterized by urticaria, angioedema, bronchospasm, and shock. If these reactions occur they should be managed following treatment with prilocaine. Individual maximum blood concentrations of metHb increased from 0 - 1.1% up to 0.8 - 1.7% following administration of the maximum recommended dose of 8.5 g Oraqix® administrated as repeated applications over 3 hours. The T Oraqix® coming in contact with the eye should be avoided because animal studies have demonstrated severe eye max of metHb ranged from 1 to 4 hours. Normally, <1 % of the total hemoglobin is in the form of metHb.(see OVERDOSAGE). Patients with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase irritation. A loss of protective reflexes may allow corneal irritation and potential abrasion. If eye contact occurs, deficiencies, and patients taking oxidizing drugs such as antimalarials and sulfonamides are more susceptible to immediately rinse the eye with water or saline and protect it until normal sensation returns. In addition, the patient drug-induced methemoglobinemia. (See WARNINGS) should be evaluated by an ophthalmologist, as indicated.
Patients allergic to paraminobenzoic acid derivatives (procaine, tetracaine, benzocaine, etc.) have not shown cross Elimination: Lidocaine and prilocaine have systemic clearances of 0.95 and 2.37 L/min, respectively, after sensitivity to lidocaine and/or prilocaine. However, Oraqix® should be used with caution in patients with a history of intravenous administration as single agents. The terminal half-life of both drugs after intravenous administration as drug sensitivities, especially if the etiologic agent is uncertain.
single agents is 1.6 h. Oraqix® is not intended for intravenous administration.
Patients with severe hepatic disease, because of their inability to metabolize local anesthetics normally, are at However, after application of Oraqix® to the periodontal pockets the mean ( greater risk of developing toxic plasma concentrations of lidocaine and prilocaine.
±SD) terminal lidocaine half-life was 3.6 (±1.3) hours, ranging between 2.2 and 6.5 h. The mean (±SD) terminal prilocaine half-life was 2.8 (±1.0) hours, ranging between 2.0 to 5.7 h. For the metabolite o-toluidine the mean terminal half-life was 4.0 ( Information for Patients: Patients should be cautioned to avoid injury to the treated area, or exposure to extreme hot ranging between 2.0 and 5.7 hours. For the metabolite 2,6-xylidine the mean terminal half-life was 8.0 ( or cold temperatures, until complete sensation has returned.
Drug Interactions: Oraqix® should be used with caution in combination with dental injection anesthesia, other local anesthetics, or agents structurally related to local anesthetics, e.g., Class 1 antiarrhythmics such as tocainide and max of both lidocaine and prilocaine is proportional (or less than proportional) to the dose after single application of Oraqix mexiletine, as the toxic effects of these drugs are likely to be additive and potentially synergistic. Patients taking ®. The Cmax after a cumulative dose of 8.5 g Oraqix® administered as repeated applications over 3 hours, (i.e. the highest recommended dose, corresponding to 212.5 mg each drugs associated with drug-induced methemoglobinemia such as sulfonamides, acetaminophen, acetanilide, of lidocaine and prilocaine base), is lower than that extrapolated from the proportional increase in plasma aniline dyes, benzocaine, chloroquine, dapsone, naphthalene, nitrates and nitrites, nitrofurantoin, nitroglycerin, nitroprusside, pamaquine, para-aminosalicylic acid, phenacetin, phenobarbital, phenytoin, primaquine, and quinine are also at greater risk for developing methemoglobinemia. (See OVERDOSAGE).
Pediatrics: The pharmacokinetics of lidocaine and prilocaine after Oraqix® administration have not been studied in CARCINOGENESIS, MUTAGENESIS, IMPAIRMENT OF FERTILITY:
Carcinogenesis - Long-term studies in animals have not been performed to evaluate the carcinogenic potential of Geriatrics: The pharmacokinetics of lidocaine and prilocaine after Oraqix® administration have not been studied in either lidocaine or prilocaine. Chronic oral toxicity studies of o-toluidine, a metabolite of prilocaine, have shown that this compound is a carcinogen in both mice and rats. The tumors associated with o-toluidine included hepatocarcinomas/ adenomas in female mice, multiple occurrences of hemangiosarcomas/hemangiomas in However, intravenous studies, the elimination half-life of lidocaine was statistically significantly longer in elderly both sexes of mice, sarcomas of multiple organs, transitional-cell carcinomas/papillomas of urinary bladder in patients (2.5 hours) than in younger patients (1.5 hours). No studies in the intravenous pharmacokinetics of both sexes of rats, subcutaneous fibromas/fibrosarcomas and mesotheliomas in male rats, and mammary gland prilocaine in elderly patients have been performed.
fibroadenomas/adenomas in female rats. These findings were observed at the lowest tested dose of 150 mg/kg/ day or greater over two years (estimated daily exposures in mice and rats were approximately 6 and 12 times, Special populations: No pharmacokinetic studies were conducted to specifically address special populations. respectively, the estimated exposure to o-toluidine at the maximum recommended human dose of 8.5g of Oraqix® Renal Impairment. Lidocaine and prilocaine and their metabolites are known to be excreted by the kidney, and the gel on a mg/m2 basis). Thus, the no effect dose is less than 6 to 12 times the estimated exposure to o-toluidine metabolites may accumulate in patients with impaired renal function. Hepatic Impairment: The half-life of lidocaine at the maximum recommended human dose, assuming 100% bioavailialbility of prilocaine from the Oraqix® gel. may be prolonged two-fold or more in patients with liver dysfunction. Liver dysfunction may also alter prilocaine Complete conversion of prilocaine to its metabolite o-toluidine on a molar basis is assumed. This gives a conversion pharmacokinetics. Because of their inability to metabolize local anesthetics normally, patients with severe hepatic on a weight basis of about 50% for prilocaine base (dependent on the molecular weights, i.e. 220 for prilocaine base disease, are at a greater risk of developing toxic plasma concentrations of lidocaine and prilocaine.
Mutagenesis - The mutagenic potentials of lidocaine and prilocaine have been tested in the Ames Salmonella Allergic Reactions: Allergic and anaphylactic reactions associated with lidocaine or prilocaine can occur. They may reverse mutation assay, an in vitro chromosome aberrations assay in human lymphocytes and in an in vivo mouse be characterized by urticaria, angioedema, bronchospasm, and shock. If they occur, they should be managed by micronucleus assay. There was no indication of any mutagenic effects for either compound in these studies.
o-Toluidine, metabolite of prilocaine, was positive in Escherichia coli DNA repair and phage-induction assays. Urine OVERDOSAGE
concentrates from rats treated orally with 300 mg/kg o-toluidine were mutagenic to Salmonella typhimurium in the Local anesthetic toxicity emergency: Oraqix® used at the recommended doses is not likely to cause toxic plasma presence of metabolic activation. Several other tests on o-toluidine, including reverse mutations in five different levels of lidocaine or prilocaine. However, if other local anesthetics are administered at the same time, e.g. topically Salmonella typhimurium strains with or without metabolic activation, and single strand breaks in DNA of V79 or by injection, the toxic effects are thought to be additive and could result in an overdose with systemic toxic Chinese hamster cells, were negative.
reactions. There is generally an increase in severity of symptoms with increasing plasma concentrations of lidocaine and/or prilocaine. Systemic CNS toxicity may occur over a range of plasma concentrations of local anesthethics. Impairment of Fertility: The effect of lidocaine on fertility was examined in the rat model. Administration of 30 mg/ CNS toxicity may typically be found around 5000 ng/mL of lidocaine, however a small number of patients reportedly kg, s.c. (180 mg/m2 or 1.4 fold the maximum recommended human oral dose for one treatment session assuming may show signs of toxicity at approximately 1000 ng/mL. Pharmacological thresholds for prilocaine are poorly 100% bioavailability of lidocaine) to the mating pair did not produce alterations in fertility or general reproductive defined. Central nervous system (CNS) symptoms usually precede cardiovascular manifestations. The plasma level performance of rats. There are no studies that examine the effect of lidocaine or prilocaine on sperm parameters. of lidocaine observed after the maximum recommended dose The effects of prilocaine on fertility was examined in rats treated for 8 months with 10 or 30 mg/kg, s.c. lidocaine (5 cartridges) of Oraqix® in 11 patients exposed over 3 hours ranged from 157-552 ng/mL with a mean of 284 or prilocaine (60 mg/m2 and 180 mg/m2 on a body surface area basis, respectively up to 1.4-fold the maximum ng/mL ± 122 SD. The corresponding figure for prilocaine was 53-181 ng/mL with a mean of 106 ± 45 SD. (see recommended exposure for a single procedure assuming 100% bioavailability of lidocaine and prilocaine). This time period encompassed 3 mating periods. There was no evidence of altered fertility.
Systemic adverse effects of lidocaine and/or prilocaine are manifested by central nervous system and/or USE IN PREGNANCY:
Teratogenic Effects: Pregnancy Category B
Reproduction studies have been performed in rats with lidocaine, prilocaine and a 1:1 (weight:weight) mixture Clinical symptoms of systemic toxicity include CNS excitation and/or depression (light-headedness, hyperacusis, of the two compounds. There was no evidence of harm to the fetus at subcutaneous doses of up to 30 mg/kg visual disturbances, muscular tremors, and general convulsions). Lidocaine and/or prilocaine may cause decreases lidocaine (estimated exposure was approximately equivalent to the expected lidocaine exposure at the maximum in cardiac output, total peripheral resistance and mean arterial pressure. These changes may be attributable to direct recommended human dose of Oraqix® (lidocaine and prilocaine periodontal gel) 2.5% / 2.5% on a mg/m2 basis). depressant effects of these local anesthetic agents on the cardiovascular system. Cardiovascular manifestations Following intramuscular prilocaine doses of up to 300 mg/kg (estimated exposure was approximately 11 times the may include hypotension, bradycardia, arrhythmia, and cardiovascular collapse.
expected prilocaine exposure at the maximum recommended human dose of Oraqix® gel on a mg/m2 basis), there was no evidence of impaired fertility or harm to the fetus. Similarly, subcutaneous administration of a lidocaine and Management of Local Anesthetic Emergencies: Should severe CNS or cardiovascular symptoms occur, these may prilocaine mixture of 40 mg/kg of each compound (estimated exposures were approximately 1.5 times the expected be treated symptomatically by, for example, the administration of anticonvulsive drugs, respiratory support and/or lidocaine and prilocaine exposures at the maximum recommended human dose of Oraqix® gel on a mg/M2 basis) cardiovascular resuscitation as necessary.
produced no teratogenic, embryotoxic, or fetotoxic effects. Reproductive toxicology studies of lidocaine were also conducted in rabbits. There was no evidence of harm to the fetus at a dose of 5 mg/kg, s.c. (60 mg/m2). Treatment Methemoglobinemia: Prilocaine can cause elevated methemoglobinemia has also been reported in a few cases in of rabbits with 15 mg/kg (180 mg/m2) produced evidence of maternal toxicity and evidence of delayed fetal association with lidocaine treatment. Patients with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency or congenital development, including a non-significant decrease in fetal weight (7%) and an increase in minor skeletal anomalies or idiopathic methemoglobinemia are more susceptible to drug-induced methemoglobinemia. Very young patients, (skull and sternebral defects, reduced ossification of the phalanges). The effects of lidocaine and prilocaine on patients with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency or congenital or idiopathic methemoglobinemia post-natal development was examined in rats treated for 8 months with 10 or 30 mg/kg, s.c. lidocaine or prilocaine are more susceptible to drug-induced methemoglobinemia. Signs and symptoms of methemoglobinemia may be (60mg/m2 and 180 mg/m2 on a body surface area basis, respectively up to 1.4-fold the maximum recommended delayed some hours after exposure. Initial signs and symptoms of methemoglobinemia are characterized by a slate exposure for a single procedure). This time period encompassed 3 mating periods. There was no evidence of grey cyanosis seen in , e.g., buccal mucous membranes, lips and nail beds. In severe cases symptoms may include altered post-natal development in any offspring, however, both doses of either drug significantly reduced the central cyanosis, headache, lethargy, dizziness, fatigue, syncope, dyspnea, CNS depression, seizures, dysrhythmia average number of pups per litter surviving until weaning of offspring from the first 2 mating periods. In a separate and shock. Methemoglobinemia should be considered if central cyanosis unresponsive to oxygen therapy occurs, study, the effect of prilocaine on pre- and postnatal development was examined in rats treated with up to 60 mg/kg, especially if metHb-inducing agents have been used. Calculated oxygen saturation and pulse oximetry are inaccurate s.c. (up to 2.8 times the maximum recommended human dose of prilocaine in Oraqix gel on a mg/m2 basis) from in the setting of methemoglobinemia. The diagnosis can be confirmed by an elevated methemoglobin level Day 6 of gestation to weaning. There was no evidence of altered post-natal development, viability, or reproductive measured with co-oximetry. Normally, metHb levels are <1%, and cyanosis may not be evident until a level of at capacity in any offspring. All the above calculations of exposure are assuming 100% bioavailability of lidocaine and least 10% is present. The development of methemoglobinemia is generally dose related. The individual maximum prilocaine after Oraqix® administration. There are, however, no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant level of metHb in blood ranged from 0.8% to 1.7% following administration of the maximum dose of 8.5 g Oraqix®.
women. Because animal reproduction studies are not always predictive of human response, Oraqix® should be used during pregnancy only if the benefits outweigh the risks.
Management of Methemoglobinemia: Clinically significant symptoms of methemoglobinemia should be treated with a standard clinical regimen such as a slow intravenous injection of methylene blue at a dosage of 1-2 mg/kg given Reproduction studies on the Oraqix® drug product, including the inactive ingredients, have not been conducted.
Nursing Mothers: Lidocaine and, possibly, prilocaine are excreted in breast milk. Caution should be exercised when DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION
Oraqix® is administered to nursing women.
Apply Oraqix® on the gingival margin around the selected teeth using the blunt-tipped applicator included in the package. Wait 30 seconds, then fill the periodontal pockets with Oraqix® using the blunt-tipped applicator until the Pediatric Use: Safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients have not been established. Very young children are gel becomes visible at the gingival margin. Wait another 30 seconds before starting treatment. A longer waiting more susceptible to methemoglobinemia. There have been reports of clinically significant methemoglobinemia in time does not enhance the anesthesia. Anesthetic effect, as assessed by probing of pocket depths, has a duration infants and children following excessive applications of lidocaine 2.5% topical cream (See WARNINGS).
of approximately 20 minutes (individual overall range 14 - 31 minutes). If the anesthesia starts to wear off, Oraqix® may be re-applied if needed. The maximum recommended dose of Oraqix® at one treatment session is 5 cartridges, Geriatric Use: Of the total number of subjects in clinical studies of Oraqix®, 7% were aged 65 and over, while 1% i.e., 8.5g gel. Application of Oraqix® into periodontal pockets without prior application to the gingival margin was were aged 75 and over. No overall differences in safety or effectiveness were observed between these subjects and tested in one open-label study. This method of application appears to be safe; however, its efficacy has not been younger subjects. Other reported clinical experience has not identified differences in responses between elderly and younger patients, but greater sensitivity of some older individuals cannot be ruled out.
Typically, 1 cartridge (1.7g) or less of Oraqix® will be sufficient for one quadrant of the dentition.
In general, dose selection for and elderly patient should be cautious, usually starting at the low end of the dosing range, reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal, or cardiac function, and of concomitant disease When administered, Oraqix® should be a liquid. If it has formed a gel, it should be placed in a refrigerator (do not freeze) until it becomes a liquid again. When in the liquid state, the air bubble visible in the cartridge will move if the ADVERSE REACTIONS
Although no major differences in adverse events between Oraqix® and placebo treated subjects were observed, DO NOT INJECT
all patients in the placebo controlled studies received either Oraqix® or a placebo gel (consisting of the vehicle Oraqix® should not be used with standard dental anesthetic syringes. Only use this product with the Oraqix® in Oraqix® without lidocaine or prilocaine). Therefore, it is not possible to determine if adverse events in each Dispenser, which is available from DENTSPLY Pharmaceutical.
treatment group were attributable to the inactive ingredients comprising the Oraqix® or vehicle or if adverse event rates were higher than expected background rates. Therefore, a causal relationship between the reported adverse HOW SUPPLIED
reactions and Oraqix® could neither be established nor ruled out.
Oraqix® (lidocaine and prilocaine periodontal gel), 2.5%/2.5%, is supplied in dental cartridges that provide 1.7g gel.
Individually blister-packaged cartridges of Oraqix® are distributed in a carton of 20 (NDC 66312-110-20). Each Following SRP treatment with Oraqix® in 391 patients, the most frequent adverse events were local reactions in the individual blister package also contains a sterile blunt-tipped applicator. Each blunt-tipped applicator is for single oral cavity (see following table). These events, which occurred in approximately 15% of patients, included pain, soreness, irritation, numbness, vesicles, ulcerations, edema and/or redness in the treated area. Of the 391 patients treated with Oraqix®, five developed ulcerative lesions and two developed vesicles of mild to moderate severity near Store at 25°C (77°F); excursions permitted to 15°-30°C (59°-86°F) [See USP Controlled Room Temperature.] the site of SRP. In addition, ulcerative lesions in or near the treated area were also reported for three out of 168 patients who received placebo. Other symptoms reported in more than one patient were headache, taste perversion, At temperatures below +5°C Oraqix® may become opaque. This opacity will disappear when the cartridge is warmed nausea, fatigue, flu, respiratory infection, musculoskeletal pain and accident/injury.
Table 1.Number (percent) of patients with adverse events occurring in more than one patient in any of the treatment groups.
DO NOT FREEZE. Some components of Oraqix® may precipitate if cartridges are frozen. Cartridges should not be
Each patient is counted only once per adverse event. The occurrence in a single patient is included in this table if the same symptom has been seen in at least one patient in another group.
Do not use dental cartridge warmers with Oraqix®. The heat will cause the product to gel.
System Organ Class
Oraqix®
Lidocaine
Preferred Team
injection*
Muscular-Skeletal
System Disorders
Central & Peripheral
Nervous System
Special Senses Other,
Disorders
Taste Perversion1
Gastro-Intestinal
System Disorders
Nausea
Respiratory System
Disorders
Respiratory Infection
Body as a whole-
General Disorders
Accident and/or Injury
Application Site
Disorders**
Anesthesia Local
1 includes complaints of bad or bitter taste lasting for up to 4 hours after administration of Oraqix®* in a cross-over study, 170 subjects received either Oraqix® or lidocaine injection 2% in each test period ** i.e.,symptoms in the oral cavity*** includes pain, soreness, irritation, numbness, ulcerations, vesicles, edema, abscess and/or redness in the treated area

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